Ch01. 컴퓨터구조 시작하기

01-1. 컴퓨터 구조를 알아야 하는 이유

• If you understand Computer Architecture, your problem-solving ability will improved.
• Understanding Computer Architecture allows you to develop programs with consideration for performance, capacity, and cost, which are difficult to grasp through syntax alone.

By Understanding Computer Architecture, we can shift our perception of the computer from an unknown entity to an object of analysis.

01-2. 컴퓨터 구조의 큰 그림

• Computer Architecture knowledge is divided into two main parts: ‘Information that the computer understands’ and ‘The four core components of a computer’.

컴퓨터가 이해하는 정보

• The computer understands only information represented by 0s and 1s, which can be broadly categorized into data and instruction.

• data(데이터)

  • Information such as numbers, characters, images, and videos that is exchanged with the computer or stored within it.

• instruction(명령어)

  • Information that moves data and actually operates computer.

컴퓨터의 4가지 핵심 부품

1. main memory(주기억장치)

   • A part that stores the instructions and data of the currently executing program.
   • Memory is divided into RAM(Random Access Memory) and ROM(Read Only Memory). In general, the term ‘memory’ refers to RAM.

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   • The program must be stored in memory in order to be executed.
   • Memory stores the instructions and data of the currently executing program.
   • The location of a value stored in memory can be identified by its address.

2. CPU(Central Processing Unit, 중앙처리장치)

   • The part that reads instructions from memory, translates then, and executes them.
   • Most important components of the CPU:
     • ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit, 산술논리연산장치)
       • Performs most of the calculations within the computer.
     • register(레지스터)
       • A Small temporary storage inside the CPU. Registers store values needed for program execution.
     • CU(Control Unit, 제어장치)
       • Generate control signals and translates instructions.